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VitalDecades Guides & Explainers

Heart health 11 min

What is a normal non-fasting triglyceride level? Why the line is 175, not 150

A non-fasting triglyceride under 175 mg/dL is not flagged under the 2016 European consensus on non-fasting lipid testing, and the 2026 ACC/AHA guideline uses 175 non-fasting and 150 fasting in its list of risk-enhancing factors. In large studies a normal meal raised average triglycerides by at most 18 to 26 mg/dL.

Heart health 11 min

How do you know if a home blood pressure monitor is accurate? Checking that it is validated

A home blood pressure monitor is accurate when its exact model has passed a clinical validation study under a recognized protocol, and in the US the place to check is the AMA's Validated Device Listing at validatebp.org. FDA clearance, a pharmacy shelf and star ratings do not establish accuracy, and the wrong cuff size can undo a validated device.

Heart health 12 min

Lp(a) mg/dL to nmol/L: the conversion, and why it is not exact

Multiplying mg/dL by 2 to 2.5 gives only an estimate of Lp(a) in nmol/L. The European Atherosclerosis Society calls that range a best guess and advises against any standard factor, because apo(a) size varies from person to person and assays disagree.

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Heart health 9 min

Does walking lower blood pressure? A Cochrane review of 73 trials has the number

Pooling 73 randomized trials and 5,060 participants, a Cochrane review found walking reduced systolic blood pressure by 4.11 mmHg, on moderate-certainty evidence. Diastolic fell less, on weaker evidence, and the effect was similar whether participants started with normal or high blood pressure.

Heart health 8 min

Blood pressure ranges: the 2025 categories and what each one actually triggers

The 2025 AHA and ACC guideline kept the four categories introduced in 2017 and changed what happens inside them. Stage 1 hypertension now triggers medication for anyone with cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, diabetes, or a PREVENT 10-year risk of 7.5 percent or more, and the overarching treatment goal is below 130 over 80 for all adults.

Heart health 11 min

Cholesterol levels by age: chart for men and women

No guideline publishes cholesterol targets by decade of age. Your calculated risk sets your LDL goal: the 2026 ACC/AHA guideline sets goals of under 100, 70 or 55 mg/dL by risk group and, in the material we could read, names one category, 190 mg/dL or higher. Here is where age enters (30 to 79 for its risk calculation, 40 to 75 for the USPSTF), the retired 2001 bands still seen online, and where these sources split by sex (HDL).

Heart health 4 min

ApoB vs LDL cholesterol: which number matters more?

ApoB counts every atherogenic particle (one ApoB per particle), while LDL-C weighs the cholesterol inside them. The two diverge in people with high triglycerides, diabetes or obesity, where LDL-C can look fine while the particle count runs high. The 2026 ACC/AHA guideline lists ApoB 120 mg/dL or higher as a risk enhancer and sets optional ApoB goals of under 90, 70 and 55 mg/dL by risk group.

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